Iran nuclear deal stays elusive

Negotiators at the Iran nuclear talks pushed past their second deadline in a week on Tuesday, raising new questions about the ability of world powers to cut off all Iranian pathways to a bomb through diplomacy. The discussions, already in their 12th day, were prolonged until possibly Friday.
"We knew it would have been difficult, challenging and sometimes hard," said Federica Mogherini, the European Union's foreign policy chief. She said the negotiations would continue despite hitting some "tense" moments, and the US State Department declared the current interim nuclear arrangement with Iran extended through July 10.
As the latest target date arrived for a deal that would set a decade of restrictions on Iran's nuclear programme, US Secretary of State John Kerry, Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif and other top diplomats huddled in Vienna in search of a breakthrough.
All had spoken of deep differences remaining, and there was no public indication they had resolved disputes ranging from inspection rules on suspicious Iranian sites to limits on Tehran's research and development of advanced nuclear technology.
"The last, difficult, political issues, we have to solve," Mogherini said.
A senior US official said the sides had "never been closer" to a deal, but still were not where they need to be. The official, who spoke to reporters on condition of anonymity due to the sensitivity of the talks, said the outcome could still go either way.
Arms ban
The official confirmed one more clear difference has resurfaced in recent days, saying the US would oppose Iran's demand that the nuclear agreement include the lifting of the UN arms embargo on the country. The official said the US is insisting that any new UN Security Council resolution pertaining to Iran retain an arms ban and ballistic missile restrictions.
As he left the talks for an economic summit at home, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said fewer than 10 major differences were still to be ironed out, including access to Iranian sites for international monitors. He said questions related to the easing of sanctions on Iran had been decided, Russian news agency RIA Novosti reported. Lavrov said he could return to the talks later in the week.
Diplomats had extended their discussions by a week when they missed their goal of a pact by June 30, after passing previous deadlines in July 2014 and last November. For Kerry and his team, pressure is increasing from sceptical US allies and members of Congress. If the accord isn't sent to Congress by Thursday, its month-long review period would be doubled to 60 days, meaning the Obama administration couldn't lift any economic sanctions on Iran during that time.

In Tehran on Tuesday, Iran's Atomic Energy Organisation declared it had reached a "general understanding" in parallel talks with the UN nuclear agency on "joint co-operation". The Iranians have made similar claims previously, and it was unclear if any process was established for the International Atomic Energy Agency's long-stymied investigation of past nuclear weapons work by Iran - a demand of Washington and its international partners in the negotiations.
Kerry met early on Tuesday in a baroque, 19th-century palace with the foreign ministers of Britain, China, France, Germany and Russia and then briefly with Zarif. Russia's Lavrov and China's Wang Yi left on Tuesday, and the EU's Mogherini said other ministers were likely to depart and return.
Tough spot
"We are taking these negotiations day to day to see if we can conclude a comprehensive agreement," US State Department spokesperson Marie Harf said in a statement, adding that Kerry would remain in Vienna.
The US is in a tough spot. President Barack Obama has expended significant political capital on finalising an agreement that has prompted suspicion from Iran's regional rival, Saudi Arabia, outright hostility from America's closest Mideast ally, Israel, and deep ambivalence even among congressional Democrats.
The No 2 Democrat in the US House,  Steny Hoyer, told reporters on Tuesday the talks "ought to be brought to a close".
"My concern has been that there would be a rope-a-dope sort of performance by Iran, that they'll just string out these negotiations," he said.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was more strident.
"The agreement of concessions that Iran is set to get from the world powers paves the way for it to arm itself with nuclear weaponry and to distribute it even more through the missiles it continues to develop," he said. "How can you even trust a country that violates time and again the decisions of the international community? How does one grant Iran hundreds of millions of dollars without stipulating that this money will not oil the wheels of the terror machine and its expansion?"
To ease their concerns, Obama and Kerry have vowed to hold out for a "good deal" that verifiably keeps Iran at least a year away from a nuclear weapons capability for at least a decade. Current intelligence estimates put the Iranians only two to three months away from amassing enough material for a nuclear warhead, if they pursue such a course.
The administration has repeatedly threatened to abandon negotiations if they prove fruitless.
On-and-off talks with Tehran have been going on for more than a decade, though this incarnation has come closest to any resolution. The latest effort began in secret and then gained speed after the election of moderate-leaning Iranian President Hassan Rouhani in 2013. By November that year, Iran and the six world powers clinched an interim nuclear agreement and began the process for a comprehensive accord.